Improved Model for Beam–Wave Interaction With Ohmic Losses and Reflections of Sheet Beam Traveling Wave Tubes

In this article, an improved model for the beam-wave interaction of sheet beam in traveling wave tubes (TWTs) considering ohmic losses and reflections is presented. The are obtained by field analysis equivalent method. space charge magnetic derived from active Helmholtz's equation. An algorithm to obtain S-matrix circuit method relativistic Boris applied accelerate macroparticles. exchanged power computed work electromagnetic theoretical validation a G-band staggered double vane TWT validated comparison with CST Particle Studio simulations without reflections. convergence also discussed. simulation time substantial faster than 3-D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations.